fix(pdf): keep the minus sign on losses in standard-font PDFs (#1982) (#1987)

Intl sv-SE formats negatives with U+2212, which the bundled react-pdf Helvetica/Courier fonts cannot render, so a loss printed as a profit. lib/pdf/number-text.ts pdfNumberText maps U+2212 to an ASCII hyphen and prints negative zero unsigned; routed through financial-statement, kassaflodesanalys, reskontra, momsdeklaration, payslip (fmt, the literal Preliminar skatt sign and the calculation formula text) and operational-report templates, with content-stream regression tests. The K2/K3 arsredovisning templates keep main's formatPdfKronor from #2013.

Closes #1982

lib/bokslut/arsredovisning/__tests__/arsredovisning-pdf-sign.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/**
+ * Issue #1982: a loss printed as a profit in the årsredovisning PDF.
+ *
+ * sv-SE number formatting writes negatives with U+2212 MINUS SIGN. The
+ * bundled Helvetica has no glyph for it, so the rendered document carried an
+ * unmapped byte where the sign should be and "Årets resultat" read as
+ * +4 684 while "Summa eget kapital" (20 316) only reconciled with -4 684.
+ * These tests decode the content streams of the real render, which is the
+ * only place the bug is visible: the element tree always had the sign.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { renderToBuffer } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { ArsredovisningPDF } from '../arsredovisning-pdf'
+import { ArsredovisningK3PDF } from '../arsredovisning-k3-pdf'
+import type { ArsredovisningData } from '../types'
+import { pdfTextStrings } from '@/tests/pdf-text'
+
+const RENDER_TIMEOUT = 30_000
+
+/** Unmapped-glyph byte react-pdf emits for U+2212 in a WinAnsi font. */
+const UNMAPPED = String.fromCharCode(0x12)
+
+function makeLossYearData(framework: 'k2' | 'k3'): ArsredovisningData {
+  return {
+    company: {
+      name: 'Testbolaget AB',
+      org_number: '556677-8899',
+      entity_type: 'aktiebolag',
+      city: 'Stockholm',
+    },
+    fiscal_period: {
+      id: 'fp1',
+      name: 'Första räkenskapsåret 2025/2026',
+      period_start: '2025-10-14',
+      period_end: '2026-01-31',
+    },
+    previous_period: null,
+    accounting_framework: framework,
+    forvaltningsberattelse: {
+      description: 'Bolaget bedriver konsultverksamhet inom IT.',
+      important_events: 'Inga väsentliga händelser.',
+      kontrollbalans_required: false,
+      flerarsoversikt: [
+        { year: '2025/2026', net_revenue: 0, result_after_financial: -4684, soliditet_pct: 100 },
+      ],
+      egen_kapital_changes: [
+        { label: 'Aktiekapital', amount: 25_000 },
+        { label: 'Årets resultat', amount: -4684 },
+        { label: 'Summa eget kapital', amount: 20_316 },
+      ],
+      resultatdisposition: 'Styrelsen föreslår att årets förlust balanseras i ny räkning.',
+      proposed_dividend: 0,
+      resultatdisposition_amounts: {
+        retained_earnings: 0,
+        share_premium_reserve: 0,
+        current_year_result: -4684,
+        total: -4684,
+        proposed_dividend: 0,
+        carried_forward: -4684,
+      },
+      agm_date: '2026-06-15',
+      agm_disposition_outcome: 'proposal_approved',
+      agm_disposition_decision: null,
+    },
+    resultatrakning: [
+      { label: 'Rörelsekostnader', current: null, previous: null, is_heading: true },
+      { label: 'Övriga externa kostnader', current: -4684, previous: null, indent: 1 },
+      { label: 'Summa rörelsekostnader', current: -4684, previous: null, is_total: true },
+      { label: 'Rörelseresultat', current: -4684, previous: null, is_total: true },
+      {
+        label: 'Årets resultat',
+        current: -4684,
+        previous: null,
+        is_total: true,
+        semantic_key: 'income_statement_result',
+      },
+    ],
+    balansrakning: {
+      assets: [
+        { label: 'Kassa och bank', current: 20_316, previous: null, indent: 2 },
+        { label: 'Summa tillgångar', current: 20_316, previous: null, is_total: true },
+      ],
+      total_assets: 20_316,
+      total_assets_previous: null,
+      equity_liabilities: [
+        { label: 'Eget kapital', current: null, previous: null, is_heading: true },
+        { label: 'Aktiekapital', current: 25_000, previous: null, indent: 2 },
+        { label: 'Balanserat resultat', current: 0, previous: null, indent: 2 },
+        {
+          label: 'Årets resultat',
+          current: -4684,
+          previous: null,
+          indent: 2,
+          semantic_key: 'balance_sheet_current_year_result',
+        },
+        { label: 'Summa fritt eget kapital', current: -4684, previous: null, is_total: true, indent: 1 },
+        { label: 'Summa eget kapital', current: 20_316, previous: null, is_total: true },
+        { label: 'Summa eget kapital och skulder', current: 20_316, previous: null, is_total: true },
+      ],
+      total_equity_liabilities: 20_316,
+      total_equity_liabilities_previous: null,
+    },
+    noter: [
+      {
+        number: 1,
+        title: 'Redovisnings- och värderingsprinciper',
+        body: 'Årsredovisningen är upprättad enligt BFNAR 2016:10.',
+      },
+    ],
+    signatures: [],
+    warnings: [],
+    disclosures: {
+      long_term_debt_over_five_years: null,
+      securities_pledged: null,
+      contingent_liabilities: null,
+      parent_company_name: null,
+      parent_company_org_number: null,
+      parent_company_city: null,
+      confirmations: {
+        long_term_debt_over_five_years: true,
+        securities_pledged: true,
+        contingent_liabilities: true,
+        parent_company: true,
+      },
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+function expectSignedLoss(pages: string[]): void {
+  const text = pages.join('\n')
+  // The sign reaches the file as an ASCII hyphen the font can draw ...
+  expect(text).toContain('-4 684')
+  // ... and never as the unmapped byte a WinAnsi font draws as nothing.
+  expect(text).not.toContain(UNMAPPED)
+  expect(text).not.toContain('−')
+  // The positive totals are untouched.
+  expect(text).toContain('20 316')
+  expect(text).toContain('25 000')
+}
+
+describe('årsredovisning PDF keeps the sign of a loss (issue #1982)', () => {
+  it('K2: Årets resultat and Summa fritt eget kapital print as -4 684', async () => {
+    const buffer = await renderToBuffer(ArsredovisningPDF({ data: makeLossYearData('k2') }))
+    expectSignedLoss(pdfTextStrings(buffer))
+  }, RENDER_TIMEOUT)
+
+  it('K3: the same rows print signed', async () => {
+    const buffer = await renderToBuffer(ArsredovisningK3PDF({ data: makeLossYearData('k3') }))
+    expectSignedLoss(pdfTextStrings(buffer))
+  }, RENDER_TIMEOUT)
+})

lib/pdf/__tests__/number-text.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { pdfNumberText, pdfText, UNICODE_MINUS } from '../number-text'
+
+describe('pdfNumberText', () => {
+  it('maps every U+2212 to the ASCII hyphen-minus', () => {
+    const formatted = (-4684.24).toLocaleString('sv-SE', { minimumFractionDigits: 2 })
+    expect(formatted).toContain(UNICODE_MINUS)
+    const safe = pdfNumberText(formatted)
+    expect(safe).not.toContain(UNICODE_MINUS)
+    expect(safe.startsWith('-4')).toBe(true)
+    expect(pdfNumberText(`${UNICODE_MINUS}1 ${UNICODE_MINUS}2`)).toBe('-1 -2')
+  })
+
+  it('prints a negative zero unsigned', () => {
+    expect(pdfNumberText((-0).toLocaleString('sv-SE'))).toBe('0')
+    expect(pdfNumberText(`${UNICODE_MINUS}0,00`)).toBe('0,00')
+    expect(pdfNumberText('-0.00')).toBe('0.00')
+    // A real small negative keeps its sign.
+    expect(pdfNumberText(`${UNICODE_MINUS}0,01`)).toBe('-0,01')
+  })
+
+  it('leaves text without a minus sign untouched', () => {
+    expect(pdfNumberText('20 316')).toBe('20 316')
+    expect(pdfNumberText('')).toBe('')
+  })
+})
+
+describe('pdfText', () => {
+  it('maps every U+2212 in free text to the ASCII hyphen-minus', () => {
+    expect(pdfText(`bruttolön ${UNICODE_MINUS} skatt ${UNICODE_MINUS} nettoavdrag`)).toBe(
+      'bruttolön - skatt - nettoavdrag'
+    )
+    expect(pdfText(`${UNICODE_MINUS}(full lön ${UNICODE_MINUS} sjuklön + karensavdrag)`)).toBe(
+      '-(full lön - sjuklön + karensavdrag)'
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('does not treat the text as a number', () => {
+    // A formula that happens to start with "-0" keeps its sign.
+    expect(pdfText(`${UNICODE_MINUS}0,5 × lön`)).toBe('-0,5 × lön')
+    expect(pdfText('grundlön + tillägg')).toBe('grundlön + tillägg')
+    expect(pdfText('')).toBe('')
+  })
+})

lib/pdf/number-text.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Sign guard for numbers rendered with @react-pdf/renderer.
+ *
+ * `Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE')` and `toLocaleString('sv-SE')` write negatives
+ * with U+2212 MINUS SIGN, not the ASCII hyphen-minus. The bundled standard
+ * PDF fonts (Helvetica, Courier, Times: WinAnsi encoding) have no glyph for
+ * U+2212, so react-pdf emits an unmapped byte and the viewer draws nothing:
+ * a loss prints as a profit, a credit note as a charge (issue #1982, first
+ * seen on Årets resultat in the årsredovisning PDF).
+ *
+ * Run every locale-formatted amount through this before it reaches a <Text>
+ * that uses a standard font. Embedded TrueType fonts do carry the glyph, but
+ * the ASCII hyphen renders identically there, so applying it everywhere is
+ * safe.
+ */
+
+/** Built via fromCharCode so no editor or transport can normalise it away. */
+export const UNICODE_MINUS = String.fromCharCode(0x2212)
+
+/** "-0", "-0,00", "-0.00": a negated zero or sub-öre rounding noise. */
+const NEGATIVE_ZERO = /^-0(?:[.,]0+)?$/
+
+/**
+ * Locale-formatted number text made safe for a standard PDF font: U+2212
+ * becomes the ASCII hyphen-minus, and a negative zero (which the dropped
+ * glyph used to hide) prints unsigned, as it does on screen.
+ */
+export function pdfNumberText(text: string): string {
+  const ascii = text.replaceAll(UNICODE_MINUS, '-')
+  return NEGATIVE_ZERO.test(ascii) ? ascii.slice(1) : ascii
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free text (a formula, a label) made safe for a standard PDF font: U+2212
+ * becomes the ASCII hyphen-minus. Unlike pdfNumberText it never touches a
+ * leading "-0", because the text is not a single number.
+ */
+export function pdfText(text: string): string {
+  return text.replaceAll(UNICODE_MINUS, '-')
+}

lib/reports/__tests__/financial-statement-pdf-template.test.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
 import { renderToBuffer } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
 import { FinancialStatementPDF } from '../financial-statement-pdf-template'
 import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
+import { pdfTextStrings } from '@/tests/pdf-text'
 
 function fakeCompany(): CompanySettings {
   return {
@@ -140,4 +141,40 @@ describe('FinancialStatementPDF', () => {
     const buffer = await renderToBuffer(doc)
     expect(buffer.slice(0, 5).toString()).toBe('%PDF-')
   }, RENDER_TIMEOUT)
+
+  it('prints a loss with its sign in the rendered bytes (issue #1982)', async () => {
+    // sv-SE formats negatives with U+2212, which the bundled Helvetica cannot
+    // draw: Årets resultat -4 684,24 used to print as 4 684,24 in both the
+    // resultaträkning summary and the balansräkning 2099 row.
+    const doc = FinancialStatementPDF({
+      title: 'Balansräkning',
+      groups: [
+        {
+          heading: 'Eget kapital och skulder',
+          sections: [
+            {
+              title: 'Eget kapital',
+              rows: [
+                { account_number: '2081', account_name: 'Aktiekapital', amount: 25_000 },
+                { account_number: '2099', account_name: 'Årets resultat', amount: -4684.24 },
+              ],
+              subtotal: 20_315.76,
+            },
+          ],
+          totalLabel: 'Summa eget kapital och skulder',
+          total: 20_315.76,
+        },
+      ],
+      summary: [{ label: 'Årets resultat', amount: -4684.24, emphasis: true }],
+      period: { start: '2025-10-14', end: '2026-01-31' },
+      company: fakeCompany(),
+      generatedAt: '2026-08-27T10:00:00Z',
+    })
+
+    const text = pdfTextStrings(await renderToBuffer(doc)).join('\n')
+    expect(text).toContain('-4 684,24')
+    expect(text).not.toContain(String.fromCharCode(0x12))
+    expect(text).not.toContain('\u2212')
+    expect(text).toContain('20 315,76')
+  }, RENDER_TIMEOUT)
 })

lib/reports/__tests__/kassaflodesanalys-pdf-template.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { renderToBuffer } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { KassaflodesanalysPDF } from '../kassaflodesanalys-pdf-template'
+import type { KassaflodesanalysReport } from '../kassaflodesanalys'
+import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
+import { pdfTextStrings } from '@/tests/pdf-text'
+
+function fakeCompany(): CompanySettings {
+  return {
+    company_name: 'Testbolaget AB',
+    org_number: '5566778899',
+  } as unknown as CompanySettings
+}
+
+function report(): KassaflodesanalysReport {
+  return {
+    fiscal_period_id: 'fp-1',
+    period_start: '2026-01-01',
+    period_end: '2026-12-31',
+    lopande: {
+      resultat_efter_finansiella_poster: -4684.24,
+      avskrivningar: 1000,
+      ovriga_ej_kassaflodesposter: 0,
+      delta_kortfristiga_fordringar: -250.5,
+      delta_varulager: 0,
+      delta_kortfristiga_skulder: 300,
+      skatt_betald: 0,
+      total: -3634.74,
+    },
+    investerings: {
+      forvarv_anlaggningar: -12000,
+      avyttring_anlaggningar: 0,
+      total: -12000,
+    },
+    finansierings: {
+      delta_lan: 0,
+      utdelningar: 0,
+      nyemission: 0,
+      erhallna_aktieagartillskott: 0,
+      total: 0,
+    },
+    total_cash_flow: -15634.74,
+    reconciliation: {
+      opening_cash_1xxx: 50000,
+      closing_cash_1xxx: 34365.26,
+      delta_actual: -15634.74,
+      delta_calculated: -15634.74,
+      mismatch_amount: 0,
+      is_reconciled: true,
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+describe('KassaflodesanalysPDF sign rendering (issue #1982)', () => {
+  it('prints negative cash flows with an ASCII minus the bundled font can draw', async () => {
+    const text = pdfTextStrings(
+      await renderToBuffer(
+        KassaflodesanalysPDF({
+          report: report(),
+          company: fakeCompany(),
+          generatedAt: '2026-08-29T10:00:00Z',
+        })
+      )
+    ).join('\n')
+
+    expect(text).toContain('-4 684,24')
+    expect(text).toContain('-12 000,00')
+    expect(text).toContain('-15 634,74')
+    expect(text).not.toContain(String.fromCharCode(0x12))
+    expect(text).not.toContain('−')
+  }, 30_000)
+})

lib/reports/__tests__/reskontra-pdf-template.test.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   type ReskontraInvoiceRow,
 } from '../reskontra-pdf-template'
 import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
+import { pdfTextStrings } from '@/tests/pdf-text'
 
 /**
  * Flatten every string/number leaf of a react-pdf element tree in document
@@ -218,3 +219,20 @@ describe('ReskontraPDF unit disclosure', () => {
     // Real react-pdf layout plus font loading: slower than the 5s default.
   }, 30000)
 })
+
+describe('ReskontraPDF sign rendering (issue #1982)', () => {
+  it('prints a credit-note balance with an ASCII minus the bundled font can draw', async () => {
+    const buffer = await renderToBuffer(
+      build({
+        aging: [agingRow({ current: -500, total_outstanding: -500 })],
+        totals: agingRow({ name: 'Summa', current: -500, total_outstanding: -500 }),
+        invoices: [invoiceRow({ outstanding: -500, outstanding_sek: -500 })],
+        unpaidCount: 1,
+      })
+    )
+    const text = pdfTextStrings(buffer).join('\n')
+    expect(text).toContain('-500,00')
+    expect(text).not.toContain(String.fromCharCode(0x12))
+    expect(text).not.toContain('\u2212')
+  }, 30_000)
+})

lib/reports/__tests__/vat-declaration-pdf-template.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { renderToBuffer } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { VatDeclarationPDF } from '../vat-declaration-pdf-template'
+import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
+import { pdfTextStrings } from '@/tests/pdf-text'
+
+function fakeCompany(): CompanySettings {
+  return {
+    company_name: 'Testbolaget AB',
+    org_number: '5566778899',
+    vat_number: 'SE556677889901',
+  } as unknown as CompanySettings
+}
+
+describe('VatDeclarationPDF sign rendering (issue #1982)', () => {
+  it('prints a negative ruta with an ASCII minus the bundled font can draw', async () => {
+    const text = pdfTextStrings(
+      await renderToBuffer(
+        VatDeclarationPDF({
+          rows: [
+            { ruta: '05', label: 'Momspliktig försäljning', amount: 100000 },
+            { ruta: '10', label: 'Utgående moms 25 %', amount: 25000 },
+            // A credit-note-heavy period can push a ruta below zero.
+            { ruta: '48', label: 'Ingående moms att dra av', amount: -1234 },
+            { ruta: '49', label: 'Moms att betala', amount: 26234, isNet: true },
+          ],
+          period: { start: '2026-04-01', end: '2026-06-30' },
+          periodLabel: 'April till juni 2026',
+          company: fakeCompany(),
+          generatedAt: '2026-08-29T10:00:00Z',
+        })
+      )
+    ).join('\n')
+
+    expect(text).toContain('-1 234')
+    expect(text).toContain('26 234')
+    expect(text).not.toContain(String.fromCharCode(0x12))
+    expect(text).not.toContain('−')
+  }, 30_000)
+})

lib/reports/financial-statement-pdf-template.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   View,
   StyleSheet,
 } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { pdfNumberText } from '@/lib/pdf/number-text'
 import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
 
 const styles = StyleSheet.create({
@@ -209,10 +210,14 @@ const styles = StyleSheet.create({
 })
 
 function formatAmount(amount: number): string {
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
-    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
-    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
-  }).format(amount)
+  // pdfNumberText: Intl's U+2212 has no glyph in the bundled Helvetica/Courier,
+  // so a negative årets resultat would print as a profit (issue #1982).
+  return pdfNumberText(
+    new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
+      minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+      maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+    }).format(amount),
+  )
 }
 
 function formatOrgNumber(orgNumber: string): string {

lib/reports/kassaflodesanalys-pdf-template.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   View,
   StyleSheet,
 } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { pdfNumberText } from '@/lib/pdf/number-text'
 import type { KassaflodesanalysReport } from './kassaflodesanalys'
 import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
 
@@ -162,10 +163,14 @@ const styles = StyleSheet.create({
 })
 
 function formatAmount(n: number): string {
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
-    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
-    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
-  }).format(n)
+  // pdfNumberText: Intl's U+2212 has no glyph in the bundled Helvetica/Courier,
+  // so a negative cash flow would print as positive (issue #1982).
+  return pdfNumberText(
+    new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
+      minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+      maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+    }).format(n),
+  )
 }
 
 function formatOrgNumber(orgNumber: string): string {

lib/reports/operational-report-pdf-template.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   View,
   StyleSheet,
 } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { pdfNumberText } from '@/lib/pdf/number-text'
 import type {
   CompanySettings,
   LatestVoucherPerSeries,
@@ -226,15 +227,14 @@ const styles = StyleSheet.create({
 })
 
 function formatAmount(amount: number): string {
-  // Intl emits U+2212 (true minus). The bundled @react-pdf/renderer
-  // Helvetica/Courier fonts lack that glyph and silently drop it, so
-  // negatives would render as positives. Map to ASCII hyphen.
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
-    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
-    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
-  })
-    .format(amount)
-    .replace(/\u2212/g, '-')
+  // pdfNumberText: Intl emits U+2212 (true minus), which the bundled
+  // Helvetica/Courier fonts lack, so negatives would render as positives.
+  return pdfNumberText(
+    new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
+      minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+      maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+    }).format(amount),
+  )
 }
 
 function formatOrgNumber(orgNumber: string): string {

lib/reports/reskontra-pdf-template.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   View,
   StyleSheet,
 } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { pdfNumberText } from '@/lib/pdf/number-text'
 import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
 
 const styles = StyleSheet.create({
@@ -201,10 +202,14 @@ const styles = StyleSheet.create({
 })
 
 function formatAmount(amount: number): string {
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
-    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
-    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
-  }).format(amount)
+  // pdfNumberText: Intl's U+2212 has no glyph in the bundled Helvetica/Courier,
+  // so a credit note or overpayment would print unsigned (issue #1982).
+  return pdfNumberText(
+    new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', {
+      minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+      maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+    }).format(amount),
+  )
 }
 
 function formatOrgNumber(orgNumber: string): string {

lib/reports/vat-declaration-pdf-template.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   View,
   StyleSheet,
 } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { pdfNumberText } from '@/lib/pdf/number-text'
 import type { CompanySettings } from '@/types'
 import type { ManualFilingRow } from '@/lib/reports/vat-manual-filing'
 
@@ -94,7 +95,9 @@ const styles = StyleSheet.create({
 // already truncated to whole kronor (öretal faller bort, see
 // buildManualFilingRows), so format with no decimals.
 function formatKr(amount: number): string {
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 }).format(amount)
+  // pdfNumberText: Intl's U+2212 has no glyph in the bundled Helvetica/Courier,
+  // so moms att få tillbaka would print as moms att betala (issue #1982).
+  return pdfNumberText(new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 }).format(amount))
 }
 
 function formatOrgNumber(orgNumber: string): string {

lib/salary/pdf/__tests__/payslip-template-sign.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { renderToBuffer } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { PayslipPDF, type PayslipData } from '../payslip-template'
+import { pdfTextStrings } from '@/tests/pdf-text'
+
+const UNICODE_MINUS = String.fromCharCode(0x2212)
+
+function payslip(over: Partial<PayslipData> = {}): PayslipData {
+  return {
+    companyName: 'Testbolaget AB',
+    companyOrgNumber: '556677-8899',
+    employeeName: 'Anna Andersson',
+    personnummerMasked: '19850101-XXXX',
+    employmentType: 'tillsvidare',
+    periodYear: 2026,
+    periodMonth: 8,
+    paymentDate: '2026-08-25',
+    lineItems: [
+      { description: 'Månadslön', quantity: 1, unitPrice: 35000, amount: 35000 },
+      { description: 'Sjukfrånvaro', quantity: 1, unitPrice: -1234.56, amount: -1234.56 },
+    ],
+    grossSalary: 33765.44,
+    taxWithheld: 7654.32,
+    netSalary: 26111.12,
+    taxReference: 'Tabell 33, kolumn 1',
+    avgifterRate: 0.3142,
+    avgifterAmount: 10609.1,
+    vacationAccrual: 4051.85,
+    vacationAccrualAvgifter: 1273.09,
+    totalEmployerCost: 49699.48,
+    ytdGross: 270123.52,
+    ytdTax: 61234.56,
+    ytdNet: 208888.96,
+    ...over,
+  }
+}
+
+// Real @react-pdf/renderer layout is CPU-heavy; under a fully parallel test
+// run these can exceed the 5s default on a saturated machine.
+const RENDER_TIMEOUT = 30_000
+
+describe('PayslipPDF sign rendering (issue #1982)', () => {
+  it('prints the tax deduction and a negative line with an ASCII minus the bundled font can draw', async () => {
+    const text = pdfTextStrings(await renderToBuffer(PayslipPDF({ data: payslip() }))).join('\n')
+
+    // The Preliminär skatt row used to prefix a literal U+2212 outside fmt(),
+    // which Helvetica has no glyph for: the content stream carried an unmapped
+    // 0x12 byte and the viewer drew "7 654,32" with no sign.
+    expect(text).toContain('-7 654,32')
+    // A negative line item (absence, deduction) goes through fmt().
+    expect(text).toContain('-1 234,56')
+    expect(text).not.toContain(String.fromCharCode(0x12))
+    expect(text).not.toContain(UNICODE_MINUS)
+  }, RENDER_TIMEOUT)
+
+  it('prints the calculation-engine formula strings with an ASCII minus', async () => {
+    // The engine builds these with U+2212 (they are shown on screen too, where
+    // the glyph exists); the PDF must map them at the render site.
+    const text = pdfTextStrings(
+      await renderToBuffer(
+        PayslipPDF({
+          data: payslip({
+            breakdownSteps: [
+              {
+                label: 'Bruttolön',
+                formula: `grundlön + tillägg + frånvaro ${UNICODE_MINUS} bruttoavdrag`,
+                output: 33765.44,
+              },
+              {
+                label: 'Nettolön',
+                formula: `bruttolön ${UNICODE_MINUS} skatt ${UNICODE_MINUS} nettoavdrag`,
+                output: 26111.12,
+              },
+              {
+                label: 'Sjukavdrag',
+                formula: `${UNICODE_MINUS}(full lön ${UNICODE_MINUS} sjuklön + karensavdrag)`,
+                output: -1234.56,
+              },
+            ],
+          }),
+        })
+      )
+    ).join('\n')
+
+    expect(text).toContain('grundlön + tillägg + frånvaro - bruttoavdrag')
+    expect(text).toContain('bruttolön - skatt - nettoavdrag')
+    expect(text).toContain('-(full lön - sjuklön + karensavdrag)')
+    expect(text).not.toContain(String.fromCharCode(0x12))
+    expect(text).not.toContain(UNICODE_MINUS)
+  }, RENDER_TIMEOUT)
+})

lib/salary/pdf/payslip-template.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Document, Page, Text, View, StyleSheet } from '@react-pdf/renderer'
+import { pdfNumberText, pdfText } from '@/lib/pdf/number-text'
 import { getBranding } from '@/lib/branding/service'
 
 /**
@@ -247,7 +248,14 @@ export interface PayslipLineItem {
 }
 
 function fmt(amount: number): string {
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', { minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2 }).format(amount)
+  // pdfNumberText: Intl's U+2212 has no glyph in the bundled Helvetica, so a
+  // negative line (deduction, absence) would print as an addition (issue
+  // #1982). The two other U+2212 sources on this page are handled at their
+  // render sites: the Preliminär skatt prefix (an ASCII hyphen) and the
+  // breakdown formula strings from the calculation engine (pdfText).
+  return pdfNumberText(
+    new Intl.NumberFormat('sv-SE', { minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2 }).format(amount),
+  )
 }
 
 const MONTH_NAMES = [
@@ -327,7 +335,7 @@ export function PayslipPDF({ data }: { data: PayslipData }) {
           </View>
           <View style={styles.summaryRow}>
             <Text style={styles.summaryLabel}>Preliminär skatt ({data.taxReference})</Text>
-            <Text style={styles.summaryValue}>−{fmt(data.taxWithheld)}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.summaryValue}>-{fmt(data.taxWithheld)}</Text>
           </View>
           <View style={styles.totalRow}>
             <Text style={styles.totalLabel}>Nettolön (utbetalas)</Text>
@@ -380,7 +388,7 @@ export function PayslipPDF({ data }: { data: PayslipData }) {
             {data.breakdownSteps.map((step, i) => (
               <View key={i} style={styles.breakdownRow}>
                 <Text style={styles.breakdownLabel}>{step.label}</Text>
-                <Text style={styles.breakdownFormula}>{step.formula}</Text>
+                <Text style={styles.breakdownFormula}>{pdfText(step.formula)}</Text>
                 <Text style={styles.breakdownValue}>{fmt(step.output)}</Text>
               </View>
             ))}